Ansiedad y depresión en el embarazo. Variables asociadas durante el periodo de pandemia COVID-19 / Anxiety and depression in pregnancy. Associated variables during the covid-19 pandemic period

Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre edad, paridad, nacionalidad, estudios, empleo y apoyo de la pareja con la depresión y ansiedad durante el embarazo. Determinar el impacto de la evolución de la pandemia COVID-19 en los niveles de ansiedad y depresión de las participantes. Método: Estudio descriptivo correlacional transversal realizado en el Osakidetza/Servicio Vasco de Salud, Atención primaria, Bizkaia (España). Participaron 295 gestantes entre ocho y 41 semanas. Se midió la asociación entre edad, paridad, nacionalidad, nivel de estudios, empleo, apoyo de la pareja y tasas de incidencia de COVID-19 durante el periodo del estudio y las puntuaciones de depresión (medido con la Escala de Depresión Posnatal de Edimburgo) y de ansiedad (medido con la subescala de ansiedad estado-rasgo del State-Anxiety Inventory [STAI-S]) durante el embarazo. Se construyó un modelo de regresión logística y se estimaron las odds ratios (OR) y sus intervalos de confianza de 95% (IC 95%). Resultados: La puntuación media en ansiedad fue de 18,75 puntos (DE = 8,69) y en depresión 6,45 puntos (DE = 4,32). Las mujeres que esperaban su segundo hijo o más obtuvieron puntuaciones más altas en depresión (OR 2,51 [IC 95%: 1,26-5,01]) y ansiedad (OR 1,98 [IC 95%: 1,01-3,89]). Haber cursado estudios universitarios se asocia con puntuaciones más bajas en depresión (OR 0,28 [IC 95%: 0,11-0,77]) y ansiedad (OR 0,2 [IC 95%:0,08-0,54]). Una buena calidad en la relación de pareja se asocia con menores niveles de ansiedad (OR 0,45 [IC 95%: 0,24-0,81). La puntuación media en ansiedad y depresión se relacionan con la incidencia de casos COVID-19; la puntuación en ansiedad fue significativamente más alta en los periodos de mayor incidencia. Conclusiones: Mayor atención emocional a las gestantes con bajo nivel de estudios, multíparas y con un débil apoyo de su pareja, permitiría reducir la ansiedad y depresión en el embarazo. Situaciones de emergencia sanitaria afectan a la salud mental durante la ges...(AU)

Objective: To assess the association between age, parity, nationality, educational level, employment and partner support with depression and anxiety during pregnancy. To determine the impact of the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic on the anxiety and depression levels of the participants. Method: Cross-sectional descriptive correlational study carried out in the Osakidetza/Basque Health Service, Primary Care, Bizkaia (Spain). A total of 295 pregnant women between 8 and 41 weeks participated. The association between age, parity, nationality, educational level, employment, partner support and COVID-19 incidence rates during the study period and depression (measured with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) and anxiety (measured with the State-Anxiety Inventory/STAI-S subscale) scores during pregnancy was measured. A logistic regression model was constructed and odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were estimated. Results: The mean score was 18.75 points for anxiety (SD 8.69) and 6.45 points for depression (SD 4.32). Women expecting their second or later child had higher scores for depression (OR 2.51 [95%IC: 1.26-5.01]) and anxiety (OR 1.98 [95%IC: 1.01-3.89]). Having completed university studies was associated with lower scores in depression (OR 0.28 [95%IC: 0.11-0.77]) and in anxiety (OR 0,2 [95%IC: 0.08-0.54]). A good relationship with the partner was associated with lower levels of anxiety (OR 0.45 [95%IC: 0.24-0.81]). The mean anxiety and depression scores are related to the incidence of COVID-19 cases; the anxiety score was significantly higher in periods of higher incidence. Conclusions: Greater emotional care for pregnant women with low educational level, multiparous and with weak support from their partner, would reduce anxiety and depression in pregnancy. Health emergency situations affect mental health during gestation.(AU)

Anxiety and depression in pregnancy: associated variables during the COVID-19 pandemic period.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between age, parity, nationality, educational level, employment and partner support with depression and anxiety during pregnancy. To determine the impact of the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic on the anxiety and depression levels of the participants. METHOD: Cross-sectional descriptive correlational study carried out in the Osakidetza/Basque Health Service, Primary Care, Bizkaia (Spain). A total of 295 pregnant women between 8 and 41 weeks participated. The association between age, parity, nationality, educational level, employment, partner support and COVID-19 incidence rates during the study period and depression (measured with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) and anxiety (measured with the State-Anxiety Inventory/STAI-S subscale) scores during pregnancy was measured. A logistic regression model was constructed and odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were estimated. RESULTS: The mean score was 18.75 points for anxiety (SD=8.69) and 6.45 points for depression (SD=4.32). Women expecting their second or later child had higher scores for depression (OR 2.51[95%IC: 1.26-5.01)) and anxiety (OR 1.98 [95%IC: 1.01-3.89]). Having completed university studies was associated with lower scores in depression (OR 0.28 [95%IC: 0.11-0.77]) and in anxiety (OR 0,2 [95%IC: 0.08-0.54]). A good relationship with the partner was associated with lower levels of anxiety (OR 0.45 [95%IC: 0.24-0.81]). The mean anxiety and depression scores are related to the incidence of COVID-19 cases; the anxiety score was significantly higher in periods of higher incidence. CONCLUSIONS: Greater emotional care for pregnant women with low educational level, multiparous and with weak support from their partner, would reduce anxiety and depression in pregnancy. Health emergency situations affect mental health during gestation.

Las teorías de la felicidad en la vejez / The theories of happiness in old age

El envejecimiento de la población es una realidad en muchas partesdel mundo, lo que genera un interés creciente por comprender elbienestar en la vejez y cómo se puede promover el bienestar en estaetapa de la vida. Este artículo examina las diversas teorías que intentanexplicar el bienestar en la vejez y examina los factores que influyenen el bienestar subjetivo en la vejez. Además de las principales teoríasque desarrollaremos, otros factores influyen en el bienestar en lavejez, como la salud física y mental, autoconceptos positivos, sentidode propósito y grado de autonomía. La presencia de enfermedadescrónicas y discapacidades puede tener un impacto negativo en lasalud, pero una actitud positiva y resiliencia pueden contrarrestar estosefectos. En conclusión, el bienestar en la vejez es el resultadode varios factores interrelacionados. Ser activo, establecer metasrealistas, mantener relaciones significativas y mantener unaactitud positiva son elementos clave para promover la felicidaden esta etapa de la vida. Comprender estas teorías y factorespuede ayudar a diseñar intervenciones y políticas que promuevanvidas futuras felices y satisfactorias. (AU)

Population aging is a reality in many parts of the world,generating a growing interest in understanding well-being in oldage and how well-being can be promoted at this stage of life.This article reviews the various theories that attempt to explainwell-being in old age and examines the factors that influencesubjective well-being in old age. In addition to the main theoriesthat we will develop, other factors influence well-being in oldage, such as physical and mental health, positive self-concepts,sense of purpose, and degree of autonomy. The presence ofchronic diseases and disabilities can have a negative impact onhealth, but a positive attitude and resilience can counteractthese effects. In conclusion, well-being in old age is the result ofseveral interrelated factors. Being active, setting realistic goals,maintaining meaningful relationships, and maintaining a positiveattitude are key elements in promoting happiness at this stageof life. Understanding these theories and factors can help designinterventions and policies that promote happy and fulfillingfuture lives. (AU)

Alteraciones psicosociales y dimensiones de la calidad de vida en pacientes con daño cerebral adquirido

RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio estuvo dirigido a establecer los indicadores de alteraciones psicosociales y las dimensiones que interfieren en la calidad de vida, según el paciente con daño cerebral adquirido, sus familiares y los especialistas de asistencia, pertenecientes al Consejo Popular San Juan de Dios. Se realizó un estudio mixto cuanticualitativo en el período comprendido entre mayo de 2018 y mayo de 2020, el que se extiende hasta hoy, atendiendo a los resultados que se han incorporado a la práctica médica sobre la base de la implementación de un proyecto de investigación que se ejecutó a partir de la colaboración entre el Centro de Desarrollo de las Ciencias Sociales y Humanísticas en Salud y el Hospital Universitario Manuel Ascunce Domenech, de Camagüey. La muestra la constituyeron 30 pacientes y sus familiares, pertenecientes a los consultorios de mayor prevalencia en los casos objeto de estudio. Para el desarrollo de la investigación se emplearon métodos empíricos, teóricos y matemático-estadísticos y se aplicó la escala de la calidad de vida del paciente con daño cerebral (CAVIDACE), dirigida a la familia. Como principales resultados se determinó que las principales funciones psíquicas superiores que mostraron alteraciones fueron los procesos de atención y memoria. Se apreciaron en la mayoría de los pacientes alteraciones emocionales, conductuales, en la autonomía funcional y en la integración social. Las dimensiones de la calidad de vida que evidencian más alteraciones fueron la inserción social, el bienestar emocional y físico, el desarrollo personal y las relaciones interpersonales. De acuerdo con el percentil de la escala se evidenciaron resultados de calidad de vida baja en la mayoría de los pacientes, posterior al daño cerebral adquirido.

ABSTRACT The general objective of the study was aimed at establishing the indicators of psychosocial alterations and the dimensions that interfere with quality of life, according to the patient with acquired brain injury, their relatives and assistance specialists, belonging to the San Juan de Dios Popular Council. A mixed quantitative-qualitative study was carried out in the period between May 2018 and May 2020, which extends until today, based on the results that have been incorporated into medical practice based on the implementation of a research project that It was executed from the collaboration between the Center for the Development of Social and Humanistic Sciences in Health and the Manuel Ascunce Domenech University Hospital, in Camagüey. The sample was made up of 30 patients and their relatives, belonging to the most prevalent clinics in the cases under study. For the development of the research, empirical, theoretical and mathematical-statistical methods were used, and the scale of the quality of life of the patient with brain damage (CAVIDACE), aimed at the family, was applied. As main results, it was determined that the main superior psychic functions that showed alterations were: attention and memory processes. Emotional, behavioral, functional autonomy and social integration alterations were observed in most of the patients. The dimensions of quality of life that showed more alterations were: social insertion, emotional and physical well-being, personal development and interpersonal relationships. According to the percentile of the scale, results of low quality of life were evidenced in most of the patients, after to the acquired cerebral damage.

Keys to emotional wellbeing and resilience in minors who have suffered trauma / Claves del Bienestar Emocional y de la Resiliencia en Menores que han Sufrido un Trauma

Being a victim of a violent event in childhood carries a higher risk of developing emotional, behavioral and social problems. However, not all minors show serious negative consequences. Their degree of resilience will depend on previous emotional stability, degree of self-esteem, cognitive style and the type of experiences, as well as their ability to solve problems. Protective factors implicated in resilience include a stable family environment, helpful relationships with peers, and community support. There are certain adaptive coping strategies, such as striving to realistically solve everyday problems, adapting to the new reality, and actively forgetting or forgiving what happened. The greater or lesser use of certain cognitive emotional regulation strategies can also condition the recovery process or be linked to different trajectories of the victims in the face of potentially traumatic events. A positive indicator of the victim’s improvement is when the verbal expression of feelings is recovered and order is brought to the chaos of images and memories of the violent event. Further research is required in the near future, such as the influence of the age and gender of minors and the role of coping strategies and emotional regulation.(AU)

Ser víctima de un suceso violento en la infancia conlleva un mayor riesgo en el desarrollo de problemas emocionales, de conducta y sociales. Sin embargo, no todos los menores muestran consecuencias negativas graves. La mayor o menor resiliencia va a depender del equilibrio emocional previo, del grado de autoestima, del estilo cognitivo y del tipo de experiencias habidas, así como de su capacidad de resolución de problemas. Entre los factores de protección implicados en la resiliencia figuran el entorno familiar estable y las relaciones de ayuda con los iguales y el apoyo del entorno comunitario. Hay ciertas estrategias de afrontamiento adaptativas, como esforzarse por solucionar los problemas cotidianos de una manera realista y adaptarse a la nueva realidad, olvidar de forma activa o perdonar lo ocurrido. El mayor o menor uso de determinadas estrategias de regulación emocional cognitiva puede asimismo condicionar el proceso de recuperación o estar vinculado a diferentes trayectorias de las víctimas ante sucesos potencialmente traumáticos. Un indicador positivo del proceso de mejoría de la víctima es cuando se recupera la expresión verbal de los sentimientos y se pone orden en el caos de las imágenes y recuerdos del suceso violento. Nuevas investigaciones son requeridas en un futuro próximo, como la influencia de la edad y del sexo de los menores y el papel de las estrategias de afrontamiento y de regulación emocional.(AU)

Uso de Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación y bienestar emocional en adultos mayores / Use of Information and Communication Technologies and emotional well-being in older adults

RESUMEN Fundamento: Los adultos mayores son un grupo vulnerable en el contexto actual de pandemia por COVID-19, debido al confinamiento su salud mental y física se deteriora; de ahí, la importancia del uso de Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación que contribuyen a su bienestar emocional, al favorecer las relaciones sociales. Objetivo: Identificar la relación que tienen las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación en el bienestar emocional de los adultos mayores durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Desarrollo: Se realizaron búsquedas en PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO y LILACS con la utilización de los términos pandemic, COVID-19, mental health, emotional well-being, loneliness, social media, social connections, digital platforms, older people, elderly people, ICT y social networking sites. Se tuvieron en cuenta criterios de inclusión y exclusión. En estudios transversales se encontró una asociación entre el bienestar emocional y el uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación, sin embargo, un número importante de estudios empíricos identificaron la brecha digital como un obstáculo para que los adultos mayores pudieran usar las tecnologías como un medio para la interacción. Conclusiones: Los resultados de la revisión muestran una relación positiva entre el bienestar emocional y el uso de las TIC; se considera relevante continuar con la investigación en adultos mayores sometidos a confinamiento.

ABSTRACT Background: Older adults are a vulnerable group in the current context of the COVID-19 pandemic, due to confinement their mental and physical health deteriorates; hence, the importance of the use of Information and Communication Technologies that contribute to their emotional well-being, by favoring social relationships. Objective: Identify the relationship that Information and Communication Technologies have on the emotional well-being of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Development: Searches were made in PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO and LILACS using the terms pandemic, COVID-19, mental health, emotional well-being, loneliness, social media, social connections, digital platforms, older people, elderly people, ICT and social networking sites. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were taken into account. In cross-sectional studies, an association was found between emotional well-being and the use of Information and Communication Technologies, however, a significant number of empirical studies identified the digital divide as an obstacle for older adults to be able to use technologies as a medium for interaction. Searches were made in PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO and LILACS using the terms pandemic, COVID-19, mental health, emotional well-being, loneliness, social media, social connections, digital platforms, older people, elderly people, ICT and social networking sites. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were taken into account. In cross-sectional studies, an association was found between emotional well-being and the use of Information and Communication Technologies, however, a significant number of empirical studies identified the digital divide as an obstacle for older adults to be able to use technologies as a medium for interaction. Conclusions: The results of the review show a positive relationship between emotional well-being and the use of ICT; it is considered relevant to continue with research in older adults subjected to confinement.

Aggressive Communication Style as Predictor of Cyberbullying, Emotional Wellbeing, and Personal Moral Beliefs in Adolescence / Un estilo de comunicación agresivo como predictor del ciberacoso, el bienestar emocional y las creencias morales personales en la adolescencia

Different forms of verbal aggression are often presented in cyberbullying and are used to harm others in online communication. This study proposed to understand the influence of an aggressive communication style on adolescents’ intentions to engage in cyberbullying, their emotional well-being, and personal moral beliefs. A convenience sample of 218 adolescents (Mage = 14.67, SD = 0.84, 53% girls) in Portugal responded to questionnaires. Structural equation modeling analyses were conducted to test mediating effects. An aggressive communication style may lead adolescents to perceive cyberbullying behavior as fair, and to decrease their emotional well-being. Moreover, this communication style may contribute to adolescents’ intentions to engage in cyberbullying, and whether they believe this type of behavior is fair or unfair may determine those intentions. These findings contribute to an understanding of determiners of cyberbullying and the provision of insights to develop school interventions in this field.

Diferentes formas de agresión verbal están presentes a menudo en el ciberacoso y se utilizan para dañar a otros en la comunicación online. Este estudio propuso comprender la influencia de un estilo de comunicación agresivo en la intención de los adolescentes de participar en el ciberacoso, su bienestar emocional y sus creencias morales personales. Una muestra de conveniencia de 218 adolescentes (Medad = 14.67, SD = 0.84, 53% niñas) en Portugal respondió a los cuestionarios. Se realizaron análisis de modelado de ecuaciones estructurales para probar los efectos de mediación. Un estilo de comunicación agresivo puede llevar a los adolescentes a percibir el comportamiento de ciberacoso como justo y a disminuir su bienestar emocional. Además, este estilo de comunicación puede contribuir a la intención de los adolescentes de participar en el ciberacoso y la creencia de que este tipo de comportamiento sea justo o injusto puede determinar esa intención. Estos hallazgos contribuyen a comprender los factores determinantes del ciberacoso y a proporcionar información para desarrollar intervenciones escolares en esta área.

Uso de Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación y bienestar emocional en adultos mayores / Use of Information and Communication Technologies and emotional well-being in older adults

Fundamento: Los adultos mayores son un grupo vulnerable en el contexto actual de pandemia por COVID-19, debido alconfinamiento su salud mental y física se deteriora; de ahí, la importancia del uso de Tecnologías de la Información y laComunicación que contribuyen a su bienestar emocional, al favorecer las relaciones sociales.Objetivo: Identificar la relación que tienen las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación en el bienestar emocional delos adultos mayores durante la pandemia por COVID-19.Desarrollo: Se realizaron búsquedas en PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO y LILACS con la utilización de los términospandemic, COVID-19, mental health, emotional well-being, loneliness, social media, social connections, digital platforms, olderpeople, elderly people, ICT y social networking sites. Se tuvieron en cuenta criterios de inclusión y exclusión. En estudiostransversales se encontró una asociación entre el bienestar emocional y el uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y laComunicación, sin embargo, un número importante de estudios empíricos identificaron la brecha digital como un obstáculopara que los adultos mayores pudieran usar las tecnologías como un medio para la interacción.Conclusiones: Los resultados de la revisión muestran una relación positiva entre el bienestar emocional y el uso de las TIC;se considera relevante continuar con la investigación en adultos mayores sometidos a confinamiento [AU]

Para los que perviven en nuestra memoria / To those who still survive in our memory

La muerte de un compañero en el ámbito laboral marca un cambio en las estructuras donde se desempeñaba y en el rendimiento de los allegados, por lo que las instituciones deben procurar enfocar sus recursos en invertir no solamente en las capacitaciones de talento, sino en abordar procesos intrínsecos de los empleados que garanticen el bienestar emocional de los mismos. Se requiere que las instituciones se sensibilicen y realicen cambios que involucren la identificación de factores de riesgo en la salud mental de sus trabajadores, promoviendo espacios de expresión y gestionando procesos en función de las necesidades individuales...(AU)

Diseño de ejercicios físicos adaptados para mejorar la actividad física de estudiantes de enfermería en Cienfuegos / Design of Physical Exercises Adapted to Improve the Nursing Students Physical Activity in Cienfuegos

RESUMEN Fundamento la actividad física reduce el riesgo de obesidad y se asocia con la salud mental, el bienestar emocional y una mayor longevidad. Los estudiantes de enfermería de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Cienfuegos tienen resultados negativos respecto al nivel de actividad física. Objetivo diseñar un conjunto de ejercicios físicos adaptados que permitan mejorar los niveles de actividad física de los estudiantes de enfermería de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Cienfuegos. Métodos se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo de corte transversal en estudiantes de enfermería de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Cienfuegos en el período enero-diciembre del 2019. El universo estuvo constituido por 133 estudiantes de enfermería de 3ro a 5to año y la muestra por sexos se manifiestan en 15 hembras y 15 varones lo que representó el 25 % de la población escogida. Entre las técnicas aplicadas estuvieron: el grupo nominal, la encuestas y la observación participante Se utilizó la estadística descriptiva para obtener datos sobre medias y porcientos. Resultados se diseñó una propuesta de ejercicios físicos para los distintos planos musculares de manera asequible para los practicantes, que consisten en su práctica tres veces por semana con la metodología requerida. Conclusiones: el diseño de ejercicios físicos, resultó ser una herramienta metodológica que responde a la necesidad de desarrollar las capacidades orgánicas motrices en sus dimensiones: fuerza, velocidad, flexibilidad y resistencia, utilizando con creatividad métodos, técnicas y estrategias de la actividad física para lograr un cambio de actitud ante el creciente sedentarismo que tanto afecta a la población universitaria.

ABSTRACT Background: physical activity reduces the risk of obesity and is associated with mental health, emotional well-being and greater longevity. Nursing students at the Cienfuegos University of Medical Sciences have negative results regarding the physical activity level. Objective: to design a set of adapted physical exercises that allows improving the nursing student's physical activity levels at the Cienfuegos University of Medical Sciences. Methods: a descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study was carried out in nursing students from the Cienfuegos University of Medical Sciences from January to December 2019. The universe consisted of 133 nursing students from 3rd to 5th year and the sample by sex; 15 females and 15 males, which represents the 25 % of the chosen population. Among the applied techniques were: the nominal group, the survey and the participant observation. Descriptive statistics were used to obtain data on means and percentages. Results: a proposal of physical exercises for different muscular planes was designed in an affordable way for the practitioners, consisting of practicing them three times a week with the required methodology. Conclusions: the design of physical exercises, turned out to be a methodological tool that responds to the need to develop the organic motor capacities in its dimensions: strength, speed, flexibility and resistance, using with creativity methods, techniques and strategies of physical activity to achieve a change in attitude to the growing sedentary lifestyle that affects the university population so much.

Atividades socioculturais como interface de bem-estar emocional e de prevenção da transmissão da Covid-19 em estruturas residenciais para pessoas idosas / Sociocultural activities as an interface between emotional well-being and the prevention of Covid-19 transmission in nursing homes / Actividades socioculturales como interfaz de bienestar emocional y de prevención de la transmisión de la Covid-19 en estructuras residenciales para ancianos

Em Portugal, cerca de 40% das mortes por Covid-19 aconteceram em instituições para idosos, passando a exigir delas práticas institucionais de isolamento social, com graves repercussões na Saúde Mental dos residentes. Com esta pesquisa, qualitativa e exploratória, pretendeu-se perceber se, em período de pandemia, a realização de atividades socioculturais, por meio da animação de idosos, pode funcionar como interface do bem-estar emocional dos residentes e da prevenção da transmissão da Covid-19, segundo os técnicos que desempenham o papel de animadores. São, assim, apresentados os resultados obtidos com base na análise de conteúdo da entrevista semiestruturada aplicada a 16 profissionais que trabalham em estruturas residenciais para idosos, de norte a sul de Portugal Continental, tendo os dados evidenciado que a realização de atividades socioculturais surge como elemento determinante de bem-estar e de qualidade de vida daqueles que vivem nas instituições. (AU)

Around 40% of Covid-19 deaths in Portugal have occurred in nursing homes, resulting in the implementation of social isolation measures, with grave consequences for the mental health of residents. This exploratory study aimed to explore whether performing sociocultural activities designed to cheer up the elderly during the pandemic works as an interface between emotional well-being and the prevention of Covid-19 transmission, from the viewpoint of the professionals performing the activities. We present the findings of a content analysis of semi-structured interviews conducted with 16 professionals working in nursing homes in continental Portugal. The findings show that performing sociocultural activities is a determining factor in the well-being and quality of life of nursing home residents. (AU)

En Portugal, casi el 40% de las muertes por Covid-19 tuvieron lugar en instituciones para ancianos, pasando a que se les exigieran prácticas institucionales de aislamiento social, con graves repercusiones en la salud mental de los residentes. Con esta investigación, cualitativa y exploratoria, se pretendió percibir si, en el período de pandemia, la realización de actividades socioculturales, por medio de la entretención de ancianos, puede funcionar como interfaz del bienestar emocional de los residentes y de la prevención de la transmisión de la Covid 19, según los técnicos que desempeñan el papel de entretenedores. De tal forma, se presentan los resultados obtenidos a partir del análisis de contenido de la entrevista semiestructurada realizada con 16 profesionales que trabajan en estructuras residenciales para ancianos de norte a sur de Portugal Continental, habiendo los datos dejado claro que la realización de actividades socioculturales surge como elemento determinante del bienestar y de la calidad de vida de las personas que viven en esas instituciones. (AU)

Bienestar emocional, psicológico y social en adultos argentinos en contexto de pandemia por covid-19 / Emotional, psychological and social well-being in argentine adults in the context of a covid-19 pandemic

Resumen El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar el bienestar emocional, psicológico y social en adultos argentinos en contexto de pandemia por COVID-19. El diseño metodológico utilizado fue no experimental de corte transversal, bajo la modalidad de estudio descriptivo y de diferencia de grupos. Se trabajó con una muestra de 888 participantes, residentes en diferentes provincias de Argentina, de edades comprendidas de entre 18 y 84 años (M EDAD = 36.98; DE= 15.37; 51.2 % mujeres, 48.8 % varones). Los resultados informaron una disposición mayoritaria a experimentar niveles de salud mental languideciente. Las personas que se ubicaron en el polo languideciente del continuo de salud mental presentaron menores niveles de bienestar psicológico. El 56.2 % de los participantes refirió que la mayoría de las veces busca expresar sus emociones con su círculo cercano y el 43 % informó mantener el contacto con sus seres queridos de forma virtual. Se encontró un mayor nivel de bienestar emocional, psicológico y social en personas que expresaron sus emociones y mantuvieron contacto con sus seres queridos de forma virtual. En conclusión, frente a la situación epidemiológica causada por la pandemia de COVID-19 los adultos argentinos presentaron alteraciones significativas en los niveles de bienestar emocional psicológico y social con predominio de un estado de salud mental languideciente.

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the emotional, psychological and social well-being in Argentinian adults during the COVID-19 pandemic context. The applied methodological design was cross-sectional not experimental, under descriptive study and group difference modalities. It was used a sample of 888 participants residing in different Argentina provinces, rating ages between 18 and 84 years old (M age = 36.98; SD = 15.37; 51.2 % Female, 48.8 % Male). The results reported a majority susceptibility to experiencing languishing levels of mental health. People who were at the languishing pole of the mental health continuum presented lower levels of psychological well-being. 56.2 % of the participants reported that most of the time they seek to express their emotions within their close circle, and 43 % reported maintaining contact with beloved ones virtually. A higher level of emotional, psychological and social wellbeing was found in people who was able to express their emotions and kept in contact with their beloved ones virtually. In the face of the epidemiological situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, Argentinean adults presented significant alterations in the levels of emotional, psychological and social well-being with a predominance of a state of languishing mental health.

Suicidal behaviour in adolescents: A network analysis. / Conducta suicida en adolescentes: un análisis de redes.

OBJECTIVE: Suicidal behaviour has not yet been analysed from a network approach in adolescent samples. It is imperative to incorporate new psychological models to understand suicidal behaviour from a different perspective. The main objective of this work was twofold: a) to examine suicidal behaviour through network analysis and b) to estimate the psychological network between suicidal behaviour and protective and risk factors in school-age adolescents. METHOD: Participants were 443 students (M = 14.3 years; SD = 0.53; 51.2% female) selected incidentally from different schools. Different instruments were administered to assess suicidal behaviour, emotional and behavioural difficulties, prosocial behaviour, subjective well-being, emotional intelligence, self-esteem, depressive symptomatology, empathy, positive and negative affect, and emotional regulation. RESULTS: The resulting network of suicidal behaviour was strongly interconnected. The most central node in terms of strength and expected influence was «Consider taking your own life¼. In the estimated psychological network of suicidal behaviour and risk and protective factors, the nodes with the highest strength were depressive symptomatology, positive affect, and empathic concern. The most influential nodes were those related to emotional intelligence abilities. Suicidal behaviour was positively connected to depression symptoms and negative affect, and negatively connected to self-esteem and positive affect. The results of the stability analysis indicated that the networks were accurately estimated. CONCLUSIONS: Suicidal behaviour can be conceptualized as a dynamic, complex system of cognitive, emotional, and affective characteristics. The new psychopathological and psychometric models allow us to analyse and understand human behaviour and mental health problems from a new perspective, suggesting new forms of conceptualization, evaluation, intervention, and prevention.

Emotional and behavioural difficulties and prosocial behaviour in adolescents: A latent profile analysis. / Dificultades emocionales y conductuales y comportamiento prosocial en adolescentes: un análisis de perfiles latentes.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to identify homogenous subgroups of adolescents with emotional and behavioural difficulties using latent profile analysis. The relationship between the latent profile classes and socio-emotional and school adjustment was also analysed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1,506 students, 667 men (44.3%) were selected by random cluster sampling. The mean age was 16.15 years (SD=1.36). The instruments used were the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, the Personal Wellbeing Index-School Version, The 10-item Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children, the Prodromal Questionnaire Brief, the Paykel Suicide Scale, the Cyberbullying-Brief Questionnaire, the Penn Matrix Reasoning Test, and the school performance assessment. RESULTS: A total of 7.7% of adolescents obtained risk scores for mental health difficulties. We identified 3 mental health subgroups named: Low risk, Externalizing, and Internalizing. These 3 latent classes demonstrated a differential pattern in terms of socio-emotional adjustment and academic performance. CONCLUSIONS: To identify and validate risk groups of youths for emotional and behavioural problems allows implementing measures to promote emotional well-being and prevent mental health problems. Future studies should continue to analyse young people with emotional and behavioural problems longitudinally and to incorporate new forms of assessment and intervention.

Condición física y bienestar emocional en escolares de 7 a 12 años / Condição física e bem-estar emocional em estudantes de 7 a 12 anos / Physical fitness and emotional well-being in school children aged 7 to 12 years

Resumen El incremento de la prevalencia de conductas y trastornos que pueden afectar gravemente el bienestar emocional infantil es un hecho. Sin embargo, aunque la relación causal entre condición física y salud biológica se encuentra bien establecida, la asociación entre la condición física y algunas dimensiones de la salud psicológica es menos evidente. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la relación entre la condición física y el bienestar emocional de escolares. Se realizó un estudio inferencial mediante análisis de la covarianza ajustada por edad en una muestra de 212 escolares (120 mujeres) de 7 a 12 años de edad, seleccionada por conveniencia, en la que se aplicó la Batería ALPHA-fitness para medir la condición física y el Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire para evaluar el bienestar emocional. Los resultados mostraron que los participantes con mayor condición física (X > P50) obtuvieron valores más positivos en problemas de conducta (p = .002), hiperactividad (p < .001), problemas con compañeros (p = .028), conducta prosocial (p < .001), y puntuación total de dificultades (p = .029); mientras que los escolares con menor nivel en la puntuación total de dificultades (X < P40) tuvieron un mejor rendimiento en 4 x 10 m (p = .010), dinamometría manual (p = .050), Course-Navette (p = .050) y condición física general (p = .040). Estos resultados sugieren una relación positiva y bidireccional entre la condición física y el bienestar emocional; y, por tanto, se refuerza la necesidad de impulsar programas de mejora de la salud que tengan en cuenta la condición física y evalúen su efecto sobre las capacidades psicológicas de los escolares.

Resumo O aumento da prevalência de consultas e transtornos que podem afetar gravemente o bem-estar emocional infantil é um fato. No entanto, ainda que a relação causal entre condição física e saúde biológica esteja bem estabelecida, a associação entre a condição física e algumas dimensões da saúde psicológica é menos evidente. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a relação entre a condição física e o bem-estar emocional de crianças em idade escolar. Realizou-se um estudo inferencial mediante a análise da covariancia ajustada por idade em uma amostra de 212 estudantes (120 mulheres) de 7 a 12 anos de idade, selecionada por conveniência, na qual aplicou-se a bateria ALPHA-Fitness para medir a condição física e o Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire para avaliar o bem-estar emocional. Os resultados mostraram que os participantes com maior condição física (X > P50) obtiveram valores mais positivos em problemas de conduta (p = .002), hiperatividade (p < .001), problemas com colegas (p = .028), conduta pró-social (p < .001) e pontuação total de dificuldades (p = .029); enquanto os estudantes com menor nível na pontuação total de dificuldades (X < P40) tiveram um melhor rendimento em 4 x 10 m (p = .010), dinamometria manual (p = .050), Course-Navette (p = .050) e condição física geral (p = .040). Esses resultados sugerem uma relação positiva e bidirecional entre a condição física e o bem-estar emocional e, portanto, reforça-se a necessidade de impulsionar programas de melhoria da saúde que levem em consideração a condição física e avaliem seu efeito sobre as capacidades psicológicas das crianças em idade escolar.

Abstract The increase in the prevalence of behaviors and disorders severely affecting children's emotional well-being is a fact. The causal relationship between fitness and biological health is well established. However, the relationship between fitness and some dimensions of psychological health is less evident. The aim of this paper was to analyze the relationship between fitness and emotional well-being. The ALPHA-fitness Battery was used to assess fitness, and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, to assess emotional well-being. A convenience sample of 212 school children (120 women) aged 7-12 years was used. An inferential study was carried out by means of covariance analysis adjusted by age. The results showed that those children with higher fitness (X > P50) had more positive values in behavior problems (p = 0,002), hyperactivity (p < 0,001), problems with partners (p = 0 ,028), prosocial behavior (p < 0,001) and total score of difficulties (p = 0,029). Students with a lower level of total difficulties score (X < P 40 ) had a better performance in 4 x 10m (p = 0,010), manual dynamometry (p = 0,050), Course-Navette (p = 0,050) and general fitness (p = 0,040) with respect to those with medium and high levels. These results suggest a positive and bidirectional relationship between fitness and emotional well-being in primary school children. Therefore, it reinforces the need to promote programs to improve health related fitness and assess their effect on the psychological abilities of school children.

DEPLOYMENT STATUS: A DIRECT OR INDIRECT EFFECT ON MOTHER-CHILD ATTACHMENT WITHIN A CANADIAN MILITARY CONTEXT?

Research has suggested that military spouses experience increased depressive symptoms and parenting stress during a military member's deployment. A relationship between maternal depressive symptoms, parenting stress, and child attachment security has been found in the general population, as has an indication that social support may provide a buffering effect. While there appears to be an association between the emotional well-being of military spouses and child emotional well-being during deployment, data are limited regarding the association between maternal emotional well-being and child attachment security. The current study explores the association between deployment status and child attachment to the nonmilitary parent (i.e., the mother in this study) in a sample of 68 Canadian military families. Results revealed a significant impact of deployment status on maternal depressive symptoms and on quality of child attachment. The impact of deployment status on attachment was not mediated through the maternal variables, and despite a main effect of social support on the maternal variables, there was no moderating effect. Thus, our results suggest that deployment may affect child attachment independently of maternal well-being.

Malestar emocional en los familiares de adolescentes con asma bronquial: análisis de sus predictores / Emotional distress in family caregivers of adolescents with bronchial asthma: analysis of its predictors

Introducción. Los adolescentes asmáticos se enfrentan a problemas propios de la etapa a los que se añaden asumir el control de su enfermedad, el cumplimiento de un tratamiento diario y de los controles médicos periódicos. El posible rechazo que esto genere puede conducir a la no adherencia terapéutica y al mal control del asma, lo que ocasiona problemas en la dinámica familiar, agravados por el estrés o el malestar emocional que esta situación provoca en los cuidadores. Objetivo. Identificar perfiles de adaptación y detectar predictores de riesgo para el bienestar emocional de los cuidadores de pacientes pediátricos con asma bronquial. Material y métodos. 79 cuidadores familiares de pacientes pediátricos con asma bronquial. Se utilizan instrumentos para evaluar la clínica psicológica emocional (Hospital Anxiety and Depression, HADS) y el nivel de estrés percibido asociado al cuidado médico de un paciente pediátrico (Pediatric Inventory for Parents, PIP). Se analiza el papel de las variables médicas del paciente y las psicológicas del cuidador familiar relativas a su malestar emocional y estrés. Resultados. 34,8% de los cuidadores presenta sintomatología ansiosa y estrés percibido moderado. La sintomatología emocional se relaciona positiva y significativamente con el nivel de estrés. Los modelos que mejor predicen el malestar emocional de los cuidadores (4050% de varianza explicada) incluyen como predictores indicadores de estrés, tiempo desde el diagnóstico y carga terapéutica del paciente. Conclusiones. La presencia de estrés derivado del cuidado, el tiempo de exposición y la carga de los tratamientos asociados a la enfermedad se identificaron como los principales predictores de riesgos para el bienestar del cuidador.

Introduction. Adolescents with asthma face problems inherent to this stage in their development, to which the challenges of taking over control of their disease, complying with a daily treatment and regular medical followup are added. Any rejection generated by this may lead to treatment non-adherence and poor asthma control, which brings about problems in family dynamics, made worse by the stress or the emotional distress that this situation causes in caregivers. Objective. Identify adjustment profiles and predictors of risk for the well-being of caregivers of pediatric patients with bronchial asthma. Material and methods. Seventy-nine family caregivers of pediatric patients with bronchial asthma. Instruments were used to assess the emotional status (Hospital Anxiety and DepressionScale, HADS) and the perceived level of stress associated with medical care of a pediatric patient (Pediatric Inventory for Parents, PIP). We analyzed the patient's medical outcome measures and the family caregiver's psychological outcome measures regarding their emotional distress and stress. Results. Of all caregivers studied, 34.8% exhibit anxiety symptomatology and moderate perceived stress. Emotional symptomatology correlates positively and significantly with the stress level. The models that best predict emotional distress of caregivers (40-50% of explained variance) include time since diagnosis and patient's treatment burden as stress indicators. Conclusions. The presence of stress resulting from care, time of exposure and burden of treatments associated with the disease are identified as the main predictors of risk for the well-being of caregivers.

Longitudinal Effects of Latino Parent Cultural Stress, Depressive Symptoms, and Family Functioning on Youth Emotional Well-Being and Health Risk Behaviors.

U.S. Latino parents can face cultural stressors in the form of acculturative stress, perceived discrimination, and a negative context of reception. It stands to reason that these cultural stressors may negatively impact Latino youth's emotional well-being and health risk behaviors by increasing parents' depressive symptoms and compromising the overall functioning of the family. To test this possibility, we analyzed data from a six-wave longitudinal study with 302 recently immigrated (<5 years in the United States) Latino parents (74% mothers, Mage  = 41.09 years) and their adolescent children (47% female, Mage  = 14.51 years). Results of a cross-lagged analysis indicated that parent cultural stress predicted greater parent depressive symptoms (and not vice versa). Both parent cultural stress and depressive symptoms, in turn, predicted lower parent-reported family functioning, which mediated the links from parent cultural stress and depressive symptoms to youth alcohol and cigarette use. Parent cultural stress also predicted lower youth-reported family functioning, which mediated the link from parent cultural stress to youth self-esteem. Finally, mediation analyses indicated that parent cultural stress predicted youth alcohol use by a way of parent depressive symptoms and parent-reported family functioning. Our findings point to parent depressive symptoms and family functioning as key mediators in the links from parent cultural stress to youth emotional well-being and health risk behaviors. We discuss implications for research and preventive interventions.

Bienestar Emocional de Jóvenes en Programas de Acogimiento Familiar: Un Estudio Exploratorio / Emotional Well-being of Youth in Foster Care: An Exploratory Study

La investigación sobre niños/as y jóvenes en programas de acogimiento se centra mayormente en el llamado "Modelo de Déficit" que limita el entendimiento sobre experiencias individuales, fortalezas y capacidades únicas de la población (Sullivan, Jones, & Matiesen, 2010). El presente estudio explora el bienestar emocional de jóvenes emancipados de programas de acogimiento (grupos focales, N=15) usando Teoría Fundamentada (Glaser & Strauss, 1967) y Análisis Temático. Se identificaron cinco factores principales en el bienestar emocional: Adaptación, Recursos, Construcción de Relaciones, Desarrollo de la Salud Mental Positiva, y Resiliencia. El presente estudio extiende el conocimiento sobre factores centrales en el bienestar emocional de jóvenes en acogimiento que han sido escasamente estudiados en la investigación actual, lo que garantiza una mejor atención.

Extant research on youth in welfare systems has concentrated mostly on the so called "Deficit Model" which limits our understanding of the individual experiences, strengths, and capacities that are unique to these youth (Sullivan, Jones, & Matiesen, 2010). The current study explores the emotional wellbeing of a group of youth in the foster care system using Grounded Theory and Thematic Analysis as a methodological base (Focus Groups N=15). Results identified five central factors for emotional wellbeing: adaptation, resources, construction of relationships, development of positive mental health, and resiliency. Results from the current study generate new knowledge on central factors pertaining emotional wellbeing which have only been scarcely examined in the current research on foster youth and which warrant further attention.

[Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: brief review of the main associated psychological factors]. / Diabetes mellitus tipo 1: breve revisión de los principales factores psicológicos asociados.

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is a widespread chronic disease among children and adolescents. Diagnosis and evolution usually involves a significant burden on the patient, and their families must change various aspects of their lifestyle to fulfill the demands of treatment. This study aims to identify the main psychological, family, and adjustment to illness features of children and adolescents diagnosed with DM1 and, in particular to highlight the associated psychopathological factors. The methodology involved a systematic literature search in the main scientific databases. Due to the biopsychosocial impact of DM1 usually assumed in the life of the child and family, and how it may compromise the quality of life and emotional well-being of both, different studies have agreed on the importance of identifying the set of psychological factors involved in healthy adjustment to illness in the child and adolescent with DM1.